One government, five counties, and four towns that voted no
Jacksonville and Duval County stopped being separate governments on October 1, 1968, after a referendum the year before carried with about 65 percent support. One 19-member City Council now legislates for the old city and unincorporated county alike, so a tree question in Mandarin and one near the county line get the same answer across an 874-square-mile jurisdiction.
Four municipalities refused to join and still run their own codes: Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, Jacksonville Beach and Baldwin, about 6 percent of county population. The rules stop at the Duval line too, and the metro spans five counties — Baker, Clay, Duval, Nassau and St. Johns, some 1.8 million people on Florida's 2025 state estimate. Ponte Vedra Beach and Fruit Cove sit in St. Johns County, Orange Park and Fleming Island in Clay, and none answer to Jacksonville's code.